LEGEND OF CIVIL

There are four  main steps that have been practiced over the year Preliminary treatment Primary treatment Secondary treatment (or biological treatment) Tertiary treatment The above four steps are sufficient to treat the wastewater. Preliminary treatment involves separating the floating impurities (like Wood, dead body, plastics, etc) from the wastewater To remove these types of impurities we use large size of screens and the process is called screening .   After the screening process wastewater passes through the grid chamber. Grit chambers are used to remove grit present in the wastewater like gravel , sand, broken glass , fragments of metal, and inorganic solids. It prevents damage to the pumps, and to prevents their accumulation in sludge digesters. Primary treatment In primary treatment, we have to remove fine small particle that is silt that couldn't extract from about process. to remove the silt particle we are going to use a sedimentation tank  Feature of sedimen...

I'm sure everybody is curious to know about it especially those who are not civil engineers. I'm here to explain to you how civil engineers design buildings and they find building stability in a very simple way so you have to read this article carefully. there are two-part of building design while we design a building. Functional design Engineering design   The functional design is generally done by the architecture. they just prepare the layout of the building. they are concerned about the beauty and comfort of the building for that they provide proper orientation of the building so that wind can circulate all over the building and the impact of the sun rays minimum on the building. you can read the role of architecture from the given link Engineers are responsible for the strength of the building wheater the building will collapse in his life spam or not. We are concerned about the stability of the building when various type of load occurs on the building ...

Alkali silica reaction (ASR) commonly known as ‘concrete cancer’ is a swelling reaction that happens due to highly soluble alkalies cement paste and non-crystalline silica(siliceous minerals) that are generally found in aggregate. Why it is called concrete cancer? As we know concrete is permeable and water percolates in concrete and ASR reaction are happed in the presence of water.  In ASR, aggregates containing certain forms of silica will react with alkali hydroxide( NaOH / KOH) in concrete to form a gel that swells as it absorbs water from the surrounding cement paste or the environment. These  Viscous  gels can induce enough expansive pressure to damage concrete . there is sodium silicate   (Na 2 SiO 3  •  n H 2 O), also noted Na 2 H 2 SiO 4  •  n H 2 O or N-S-H ( sodium silicate hydrate ) form in Gel. The conditions required for ASR to occur are: •A sufficiently high alkali content of th...

Compressive Strength of Bricks in  kg/cm 2 first-class brick is 105 kg/cm 2 Second class brick is 70 kg/cm 2 Third Class Bricks is 35 kg/cm 2 Compressive Strength of Bricks in N /mm 2 First Class Bricks - 10.5  N/ mm 2 Second Class Bricks – 7 N/mm 2 Third Class Bricks - 3.5 N/mm 2 common building brick is 35 kg/cm 2 . sun-dried brick is 15 to 25 kg/cm 2

It is also known as the name of lilypad (the highly ribbed leaf of Victoria water lilies). Ecopolis means small city and this concept has come for climate change refugees. As we know global sea levels predicted to rise significantly over the next century due to climate change, a lot of people living in low lying areas are expected to be displaced from their homes.  Vincent  Callebaut  is a Belgian ecological  architect  propose this concept.  It is completely self-sufficient floating city that would accommodate up to 50,000 people. Design concept It is designed as a  double skin of the floating “ecopolis” it means it will be made up of two part one part is below the water and the other one is above the water surface. the lower portion which is immersed in the water located on the center which will be worked as an artificial lagoon. The upper portion will be constructed on three marinas and three mountains as you can see the...