How civil engineers design buildings

I'm sure everybody is curious to know about it especially those who are not civil engineers. I'm here to explain to you how civil engineers design buildings and they find building stability in a very simple way so you have to read this article carefully.
there are two-part of building design while we design a building.

• Functional design
• Engineering design  

The functional design is generally done by the architecture. they just prepare the layout of the building. they are concerned about the beauty and comfort of the building for that they provide proper orientation of the building so that wind can circulate all over the building and the impact of the sun rays minimum on the building. you can read the role of architecture from the given link

Engineers are responsible for the strength of the building wheater the building will collapse in his life spam or not. We are concerned about the stability of the building when various type of load occurs on the building like live load, wind load, earthquake load, etc.

 To design the building we have to consider various things 

•The material and its properties.

•The shape (rectangular, circular, hollow, square, I shaped, or a complex combination of shapes).

•The cross-sectional dimensions like depth, width, diameter, thickness, etc.

•The nature of the load it is subjected to like compression, or tension, with or without bending moment, and shear and torsion.

•How it is connected at the ends (hinged or fixed or free) to other members and/or to the foundation.

•The unrestrained, or laterally unsupported length, and the actual geometric length, etc.

•The country’s standard code of practice allows greater or lesser loads in some situations depending on the function of the structure.